cyhoeddodd / cyhoeddwyd
The subject / person completing the action is not indicated in the suffix (ending) of an impersonal verb.
-ir, -wyd and -id are the most commonly used suffixes for impersonal verb forms.
The impersonal verb forms can be shown as follows:
-ir |
Gwelir |
Present Tense/Future Tense |
Gwelir clychau’r gog bob mis Mai. |
-wyd |
Gwelwyd |
Past Tense |
Gwelwyd eira yn ystod y gaeaf llynedd. |
-id |
Gwelid |
Imperfect Tense |
Gwelid gwiwerod coch mewn coedwigoedd ers talwm. |
The normal sentence structure in Welsh is Verb + Subject + Object, e.g.
Rhedodd y ferch y ras.
Ysgrifennodd y bardd gerdd.
However, sentences which include impersonal verbs do not follow this pattern.
When using the impersonal tense, the object follows the verb and the subject/person completing the action is included after gan, e.g.
Rhedwyd ras gan y ferch.
Ysgrifennwyd y gerdd gan y bardd.
Note also that there is no soft mutation after an impersonal verb (unlike personal verbs), e.g.
Ysgrifennodd y bardd gerdd.
Ysgrifennwyd cerdd gan y bardd.